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Sweat, scientifically known as perspiration or diaphoresis, serves as the body's natural cooling system, although it can also be a response to heat, exercise, stress and/or emotions.

At its core, sweat is a combination of water, fats and proteins that are rapidly released from the body through the sweat glands. Sweat glands are a type of exocrine, or external tissue, that produce sweat and contain nerve endings that can be triggered by a variety of elements. Different types of sweat glands are found all over the body, though the highest concentration is in the areas like the palms, soles of the feet, forehead and underarms. The sweat produced in these areas is mostly composed of water, lactic acid, and electrolytes like sodium, chloride and potassium.

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The body's desire to maintain homeostasis, or a balanced internal temperature, is the primary basis of sweating. When the core body temperature rises, sweat is released through the sweat glands to cool the body. During physical and mental activity, the body's consistent use of energy produces heat and increased circulation, resulting in sweating. These conditions naturally increase core body temperatures, causing the body to respond with an increased release of sweat.

Stress can also elicit a sweat response, not only due to the energy expended while facing certain situations, but also due to overactive nerve endings in sweat glands responding to the anxiety caused by stress. Similarly, feelings of fear, happiness, embarrassment and sadness may trigger feelings of warmth, making the person more prone to sweating.

Sweating is normal, beneficial and necessary for the body. Not only does it help cool the body when overheated, but it can also protect the skin from some germs and bacteria. However, an excessive amount of sweating, especially in a short period of time, can indicate hyperhidrosis, a disorder of the sweat glands, and could be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, such as an infection or underlying health problem. It is important to be monitored for any signs of excessive sweating.