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Naturalism is an approach to seeking understanding of the world. It is based on the belief that the universe can be explained solely in terms of natural forces and processes, without resorting to supernatural explanations.

Naturalism has a strong tradition in the scientific study of the world. Naturalists attempt to explain the universe in terms of natural laws and processes, and they study the development of life, the movements of the stars, and the powers of nature in detail. By gathering facts, naturalists can develop theories to explain the behaviour of physical objects, the growth of living creatures, and the origin of the universe.

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In philosophy, naturalism is closely related to metaphysical naturalism, a term that makes ethical claims about the world by denying the existence of supernatural entities and holding that reality is governed by natural laws. This form of naturalism claims that the world is a closed system, in which all events are caused by natural forces or processes, and no external supernatural forces or influences exist. The study of ethics and morality on this basis is referred to as ethical naturalism; it argues that moral values can be derived from an understanding of the natural world, and that the foundation for morality lies in the observations of human behavior and social trends.

Naturalism in literature is the belief that characters and events should be portrayed realistically, through the use of concrete details and everyday language, rejecting the idealization of human life and behavior that was popular in some earlier styles of literature. It also denies that literature should be moralistic or provide any kind of higher interpretation. Rather, naturalism suggests that literature should strive to portray the true conditions of life by examining the physical, psychological, and social forces that narrow the scope of the lives of its characters.

Naturalism in art is a visual representation of the world as it is, emphasizing details and everyday objects instead of abstract concepts or spiritual symbolism. Naturalism in art is often seen as having its roots in 17th century Dutch painting and early 19th century realism, and it emphasizes the physical and visual qualities of an object or scene. Artists emphasize how the light, physical materials, and details of a scene or object affect the viewer’s perception of it.

Naturalism is the approach to understanding the physical world and its phenomena, the basis for ethical theories, and the basis for many styles of artistic expression. Naturalism seeks to explain the physical world without resorting to supernatural theories or idealized views, and it has been influential in many areas of research and art.